Table 3 Absolute number of overlapping CpGs and P values for the enrichment of significant CpGs from previous EWASs (N > 1000) in our data
Previous study (N sites associated with BMI) | Significance level | Analysis A: association of cord blood DNA methylation with early childhood BMI (2–5 years) | Analysis B: association of cord blood DNA methylation with late childhood BMI (5–10 years) | Analysis C: cross-sectional analysis of whole blood DNA methylation with childhood BMI (2–10 years) | Analysis D: cross-sectional analysis of whole blood DNA methylation with adolescent BMI (12–18 years) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 × 10−5 | N = 7 | N = 8 | N = 51 | N = 26 | |
0.05 | N = 22,687 | N = 20,645 | N = 37,074 | N = 25,292 | |
Ali et al. [56] (3 CpGs) | 1 × 10−5 | 0 Penrichment = 1 | 0 Penrichment = 1 | 0 Penrichment = 1 | 0 Penrichment = 1 |
0.05 | 0 Penrichment = 1 | 0 Penrichment = 1 | 1/3 Penrichment = 0.24 | 0 Penrichment = 1 | |
Aslibekyan et al. [6] (8 CpGs) | 1 × 10−5 | 0 Penrichment = 1 | 0 Penrichment = 1 | 0 Penrichment = 1 | 0 Penrichment = 1 |
0.05 | 0 Penrichment = 1 | 0 Penrichment = 1 | 1/8 Penrichment = 0.51 | 2/8 Penrichment = 0.08 | |
Campanella et al. [57] (26 CpGs) | 1 × 10−5 | 0 Penrichment = 1 | 0 Penrichment = 1 | 0 Penrichment = 1 | 1/26 Penrichment = 0.002 |
0.05 | 3/26 Penrichment = 0.16 | 1/26 Penrichment = 0.72 | 6/26 Penrichment = 0.02 | 11/26 Penrichment = 1.006 × 10−7 | |
Geurts et al. [58] (310 CpGs) | 1 × 10−5 | 0 Penrichment = 1 | 0 Penrichment = 1 | 2/310 Penrichment = 0.0006 | 2/310 Penrichment = 0.0002 |
0.05 | 12/310 Penrichment = 0.90 | 13/310 Penrichment = 0.73 | 103/310 Penrichment = 3.92 × 10−34 | 125/310 Penrichment = 6.63 × 10−70 | |
Mendelson et al. [9] (83 CpGs) | 1 × 10−5 | 0 Penrichment = 1 | 0 Penrichment = 1 | 2/83 Penrichment = 4.67 × 10−5 | 3/83 Penrichment = 1.81 × 10−8 |
0.05 | 4/83 Penrichment = 0.64 | 8/83 Penrichment = 0.045 | 28/83 Penrichment = 1.36 × 10−10 | 45/83 Penrichment = 3.02 × 10−33 | |
Sayols-Baixeras et al. [59] (96 CpGs) | 1 × 10−5 | 0 Penrichment = 1 | 0 Penrichment = 1 | 0 Penrichment = 1 | 0 Penrichment = 1 |
0.05 | 8/96 Penrichment = 0.13 | 9/96 Penrichment = 0.04 | 24/96 Penrichment = 1.53 × 10−6 | 30/96 Penrichment = 1.85 × 10−14 | |
Sun et al. [26] black participants (36 CpGs) | 1 × 10−5 | 0 Penrichment = 1 | 0 Penrichment = 1 | 0 Penrichment = 1 | 1/36 Penrichment = 0.002 |
0.05 | 3/36 Penrichment = 0.30 | 6/36 Penrichment = 0.007 | 13/36 Penrichment = 4.98 × 10−6 | 22/36 Penrichment = 1.50 × 10−18 | |
Sun et al. [26] white participants (349 CpGs) | 1 × 10−5 | 0 Penrichment = 1 | 0 Penrichment = 1 | 0 Penrichment = 1 | 0 Penrichment = 1 |
0.05 | 12/349 Penrichment = 0.959 | 22/349 Penrichment = 0.12 | 86/349 Penrichment = 4.13 × 10−19 | 116/349 Penrichment = 1.75 × 10−54 | |
Wahl et al. [5] (187 CpGs) | 1 × 10−5 | 0 Penrichment = 1 | 0 Penrichment = 1 | 2/187 Penrichment = 0.0002 | 3/187 Penrichment = 2.10 × 10−7 |
0.05 | 8/187 Penrichment = 0.77 | 11/187 Penrichment = 0.29 | 61/187 Penrichment = 1.97 × 10−20 | 77/187 Penrichment = 1.68 × 10−44 | |
Wang et al. [25] (54 CpGs) | 1 × 10−5 | 0 Penrichment = 1 | 0 Penrichment = 1 | 0 Penrichment = 1 | 1/54 Penrichment = 0.003 |
0.05 | 2/54 Penrichment = 0.79 | 4/54 Penrichment = 0.26 | 23/54 Penrichment = 2.49 × 10−11 | 33/54 Penrichment = 3.98 × 10−27 | |
N CpGs in ≥ 2 adult studies | 0.05 | 9/52 (17.3%) | 23/75 (30.7%) | 98/347 (28.2%) | 163/465 (35.1%) |