Fig. 3

The performance of the early-stage diagnosis model for breast cancer. We used 80 % of the controls and early-stage (stage I and II) cases in the COH plasma data set to train the model. The remaining controls and early stage cases in the COH plasma data set, as well as controls and early stage cases in the COH serum data set, were used as the testing and validation set. a Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the early-stage breast cancer diagnosis from different data sets. b AUC, MCC, sensitivity, specificity, and F1-statistic to measure the performance of the early-stage diagnosis model. c Mutual information for pathway features selected by the all-stage diagnosis model. d Log fold change of metabolites associated with the selected pathway features determined by comparing cases and controls across different data sets