From: Brave new epigenomes: the dawn of epigenetic engineering
Construct | Enzymatic function | Target region | Effect on gene expression | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
dCas9–p300 | Histone acetyltransferase, transcriptional co-activator | Promoters and enhancers | Between approximately 50-fold (OCT4, MYOD) and 10,000-fold (IL1RN) upregulation when targeted to promoters (qPCR); up to 300-fold for enhancers (qPCR); lower levels of activation by RNA-seq | [8] |
TALE–TET1 | Methylcytosine dioxygenase (DNA demethylation) | Promoter | Between approximately 50-fold (HBB) and more than 100–1,000-fold (RHOXF2) activation over “off-target” controls (qPCR) | [7] |
ZF–DNMT3a | DNA methyltransferase | Promoter | Between approximately 0.5-fold and 0.2-fold change (qPCR, western blot) | |
ZF–G9a | H3K9 methyltransferase | Promoter | Up to approximately 0.5-fold change (qPCR) | [4] |
TALE–LSD1 | H3K4 and H3K9 demethylase | Several candidate enhancers | Up to approximately 0.4-fold change (RNA-seq) | [2] |
dCas9–LSD1 | H3K4 and H3K9 demethylase | Several candidate enhancers | Up to approximately 0.02-fold change (qPCR) | [3] |
TALE–KYP, TALE–TgSET8, TALE–NUE | Histone methyltransferases | Promoter | Up to approximately 0.3-fold change (qPCR) | [10] |
TALE–HDAC8, TALE–RPD3, TALE–Sir2a, TALE–Sin3a | Histone deacetylase | Promoter | Up to approximately 0.3-fold change (qPCR) | [10] |
ZF + 223 different yeast chromatin modifiers | Various | Yeast pCYC1 | Approximately 100-fold change (activators); approximately 0.06-fold change (repressors) | [11] |