From: Rare variant association studies: considerations, challenges and opportunities
Tool/resource | Description | URL | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
CADD | A framework that integrates multiple annotations into one metric by contrasting variants that survived natural selection with simulated mutations | [88] | |
ENCODE | Annotation of potential functional elements (for example, histone tail modifications) in several cell lines | [89] | |
Epigenomics Roadmap | Annotation of potential functional elements (for example, DNAse I hypersensitive sites) in many human tissues and primary cells | [90] | |
FANTOM5 | Annotation of transcriptional enhancers in many human tissues and primary cells through detection of bidirectional capped transcription | [91] | |
GERP | Identifies constrained elements in multiple alignments by quantifying substitution deficits | [92] | |
HaploReg | Visualization of DNA polymorphisms along with their predicted chromatin state, their sequence conservation across mammals, and their effect on regulatory motifs | [93] | |
Phen-Gen | Method that combines patients' disease symptoms and sequencing data with prior domain knowledge to identify the causative genes for rare disorders | [94] | |
PolyPhen-2 | A tool that predicts the possible impact of an amino acid substitution on the structure and function of a human protein using straightforward physical and comparative considerations | [95] | |
RegulomeDB | A database that annotates SNPs with known and predicted regulatory elements in the intergenic regions of the human genome using gene expression, ENCODE and literature-mining data | [96] | |
RVIS | This score is designed to rank genes in terms of whether they have more or less common functional genetic variation relative to the genome-wide expectation given the amount of apparently neutral variation the gene has | [97] | |
SIFT | Predicts whether an amino acid substitution affects protein function based on the degree of conservation of amino acid residues in sequence alignments derived from closely related sequences | [98] | |
VEP | Determines the effect of your variants (SNPs, insertions, deletions, CNVs or structural variants) on genes, transcripts and protein sequence, as well as regulatory regions. | http://useast.ensembl.org/info/docs/tools/vep/index.html?redirect=no | [99] |