Modification | Amino acid | Common motifs | Enrichment methods | Proteomic technologies |
---|---|---|---|---|
Phosphorylation | S, T, Y | >320 possibilities | Radiolabeling Immobilized metal affinity chromatography TiO2 enrichment IP | 2-DE, MS/MS LC-MS/MS LC-MS/MS 2-DE, LC-MS/MS |
N-glycosylation | N | N-x-S/T/C | Glycan staining Lectin affinity Interaction chemistry | 2-DE, MS/MS 2-DE, MS/MS LC-MS/MS |
O-GlcNAcylation | S, T | P-V-S/T | Chemical tagging Affinity isolation IP | LC-MS/MS LC-MS/MS 2-DE, LC-MS/MS |
Redox | C, M, Y, W, | C/S/T-x-x-C, C-x-x-C/S/T | Biotin-switch assay Thiol disulphide exchange Fluorescent labeling | 2-DE, LC-MS/MS LC-MS/MS 2-DE, MS/MS |
Advanced glycation end products | Â | Â | Boronate affinity chromatography IP Western blotting | LC-MS/MS 2-DE, MS/MS SDS-PAGE |
Proteolytic cleavage | S, C, D, K, R | Specific to each protease | In vitro assays TAILS | 2-DE, LC-MS/MS LC-MS/MS |
Deamidation | N, Q | N-G, N-S | Â | Gel electrophoresis MS |
Sumoylation | K | Ψ-K-x-D/E | IP Enzymatic reaction | 2-DE, LC-MS/MS LC-MS/MS SDS-PAGE |
Citrullination | R | G-x-R-G-Ψ | Chemical derivitization |  |
Methylation | R, K, Q | M-K, R-G-G, R-G-X, R-X-G, W-x-x-x-R | Western blotting IP | SDS-PAGE 2-DE, LC-MS/MS |
Lysine acetylation | K | G-K, K-P | IP | 2-DE, LC-MS/MS |