Previous models of citizen participation | Wiki-governance |
---|---|
Web 1.0 or limited utilization of technology | Web 2.0, social media and network-driven |
Hierarchical | Non-hierarchical |
Crowd-sourcing | Structured coordination and role differentiation |
Procedure-driven deliberation | Solution-driven collaboration |
Publication of policies for possible comment | Collaborative co-creation of policies |
Selective reflection of values | Inclusive reflection of multiple values |
Limited (ongoing) communication channels | Continuous feedback loop |
Cacophonous and potentially frivolous contributions leading to 'tune-out' by innovation actors and failure | Reputational metrics to foster tune-in, good participation practices and trust of meaningful contributors |